Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790)

Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790)

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Subgenus:

Scorpio tetrachelatus Preyssler, 1790: 56, plate 3 fig. 3.

Chthonius trombidioides (Latreille): C.L. Koch, 1843: 76-79, figs 806-807 (misidentification); L. Koch, 1873: 49-50 (misidentification); Stecker, 1874b: 238 (misidentification); Stecker, 1875d: 88 (misidentification); L. Koch, 1877: 180 (misidentification); Daday, 1880a: 193 (misidentification); Tömösváry, 1882b: 238-239, plate 5 figs 9-12 (misidentification); Krauss, 1896: 628 (misidentification).

Chthonius maculatus Menge, 1855: 23-25, plate 1 figs 10-14, plate 3 fig. 7, plate 4 fig. 1; Hagen, 1870: 268 (synonymised by Simon, 1879a: 70).

Obisium orthodactylum Leach: McIntire, 1868: 8 (misidentification); McIntire, 1869: 247, fig. 219 (misidentification).

Chthonius trombidioides maculatus Menge: Stecker, 1874c: 308-310.

Chthonius longipalpis Banks, 1891: 164-165 (synonymised by Chamberlin, 1929a: 72); Banks, 1895a: 13 (as Chthonius longipalpus [sic]); Ewing, 1911: 77, 80, fig. 15 (as Chthonius longipalpus [sic]).

Chthonius microphthalmus Simon: %Gestro, 1904: ? (not seen) (misidentification).

Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Simon, 1879a: 70-71, 312, plate 19 fig. 18; Simon, 1881b: 15; Hansen, 1884: 553-554; Canestrini, 1885: no. 9, figs 1-3; Simon, 1885b: 213; Daday, 1888: 134, 190-191; O.P.-Cambridge, 1892: 210-211, plate A figs 15-16; F. Müller and Schenkel, 1895: 822; Ellingsen, 1897: 22-21; Simon, 1898d: 22; Tullgren, 1899a: 181-182, plate 2 figs 10-14; Strand, 1900b: 5; Simon, 1900b: 594-595; Evans, 1901b: 242; Godfrey, 1901b: 214-215; Kew, 1903: 299; Godfrey, 1904: 195; Lessert, 1905: 655; Tullgren, 1906a: 205; Ellingsen, 1907a: 171; Godfrey, 1907: 163; Jackson, 1907: 6; Strand, 1907: 243; Tullgren, 1907e: 246; Whyte and Whyte, 1907: 204; Ellingsen, 1908a: 417; Ellingsen, 1908c: 670; Ellingsen, 1908d: 70; Godfrey, 1908: 159-160; Jackson, 1908: 73; Ellingsen, 1909a: 207, 211, 216; Ellingsen, 1909b: 220-221; Kew, 1909a: 250; Kew, 1909b: 259; Warburton, 1909: 438; Ellingsen, 1910a: 402; Ellingsen, 1910b: 62, 63; Ellingsen, 1910c: 347; Godfrey, 1910: 28-30; Kew, 1910a: 67, 68, 71, 73; Ellingsen, 1911c: 174; Kew, 1911a: 58, fig. 22; Kew, 1911b: 2; Lessert, 1911: 40-41, figs 31-32; O.P.-Cambridge, 1912: 403; Ellingsen, 1912b: 89; Krausse-Heldrungen, 1912: 65; Ellingsen, 1913a: 455; Standen, 1912: 16; Falconer, 1916: 158; Kew, 1916b: 82; Standen, 1916a: 18; Nonidez, 1917: 42-43; Standen, 1917: 30; Daday, 1918: 2; Navás, 1921: 166; Bristowe, 1923: 156; Redikorzev, 1924b: 26, fig. 12; Navás, 1925: 125-126, fig. 18a; Caporiacco, 1926: 75; Jeannel, 1926: 155-156; Schenkel, 1926: 313; Bristowe, 1927: 122; Pliginsky, 1927: 172; Beier, 1928: 312; Caporiacco, 1928b: 127; Kästner, 1928: 9, fig. 32; Schenkel, 1928: 71, figs 32, 32a; Beier, 1929a: 365; Beier, 1929e: 454; Berland, 1929: 17; Bristowe, 1929a: 25; Bristowe, 1929d: 244; Chamberlin, 1929a: 72-73, figs 1a, 1e-f, 3e; Chamberlin, 1929e: 154; Buresch, 1930: 19; Chamberlin, 1931a: 128, figs 1o, 19b, 21b, 21j, 22c, 33k, 47a; Szalay, 1931a: 353; Beier, 1932a: fig. 11; Nester, 1932: 98; Schenkel, 1933: 29; Vachon, 1934i: 408; Caporiacco, 1936b: 328; Roewer, 1936: fig. 72; Roewer, 1937: 239; Proctor, 1938: 448; Vachon, 1938a: fig. 61b; Wolf, 1938: 608; Lohmander, 1939b: 286-288, fig. 1; Vachon, 1941b: 442-449, figs 1-23; Vachon, 1941c: 540-547, figs 24-29; Savory, 1945: 180, 182; Proctor, 1946: 510; Bristowe, 1946: 65; Caporiacco, 1948c: 240; Hammen, 1949: 73, 74 (as Chtonius [sic] tetrachelatus); Hoff, 1950b: 228; Park and Auerbach, 1954: 210; Ressl and Beier, 1958: 2; Cirdei and Gutu, 1959: 10, fig. 9; Kobakhidze, 1961a: 166-169; Aellen and Strinati, 1962: 46; Bousfield, 1962: 53; Meinertz, 1962: 44-45, figs 2, 4a, 25c, 27; Höregott, 1963: 546; Meinertz, 1964: 390, map 1; Vachon, 1964b: 4841; Kobakhidze, 1965b: 541; Strinati, 1966: 326; Weygoldt, 1966d: 12, 28, 57, 61, figs 15-16, 47-48, 54; Vitali-di Castri, 1966b: fig. 2; Helversen, 1966a: 134; Kobakhidze, 1966: 701; Zangheri, 1966: 530; Kaestner, 1968: 214; Marcuzzi, 1968: 245, 266, 287; Weygoldt, 1968: 111-153, figs 1a-c, 3, 4, 6-13, 14a-b, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23a-d, 24, 31a; Manley, 1969: 6, fig. 3; Weygoldt, 1969a: 26, 41, 66-70, 108, figs 21-22, 37a-b, 52, 59-61, 105; Lazzeroni, 1970a: 207; Ressl, 1970: 250; Helversen and Martens, 1971: 382, fig. 4; Muchmore, 1971a: 89, 91; Verner, 1971: fig. 2; Howes, 1972a: 108; Muchmore, 1973g: 122; Palmgren, 1973: 7; Roth and Brown, 1976: 127; Stryker and Taylor, 1977: 26; Sweeney, Taylor and Counts, 1977: 55; Taylor, Sweeney and Counts, 1977: 115; %Paoletti, 1978: 90 (not seen); Judson, 1979a: 61; Rundle, 1979: 47; Schaller, 1979: plate 10.III fig. 1; Schawaller, 1979: 13; Thaler, 1979: 51-52; Jones, 1980c: map 6; Mendel, 1981: 228; Muchmore, 1981f: 381; Pieper, 1981: 2; Schawaller, 1983b: 5; Schawaller, 1983c: 368; Bacallado, 1984: 110; Hippa, Koponen and Mannila, 1984: 26, 27; Schawaller, in Schmalfuss and Schawaller, 1984: 3; Jędryczkowski, 1985: 78; R.E. Jones, 1985: 69; Lippold, 1985: 40; André and Jocqué, 1986: fig. 1f; Braun and Beck, 1986: 140-148; Bliss and Lippold, 1987: 43, 45; Harvey, 1987b: 68-69; Judson, 1987: 369; Hippa, Koponen and Manilla, 1988: 125; Krumpál and Cyprich, 1988: 42; Schaefer, 1988: 100; Peck, 1989: 20; Shultz, 1989: 30, figs 4b-c, 8b-c, 12b-c, 16; Drogla, 1990: 98; Medina and Oromi, 1990: 89; Muchmore, 1990a: 511, figs 18.11, 18.13; Pugh, 1990: 554, fig. 11.1; Weygoldt, 1990: fig. 7Ba-d; Pieper, 1991: 218; Schlegel and Blick, 1991: 87; Drogla, 1992: 62-66; Gärdenfors and Wilander, 1992: 28; P.R. Harvey, 1992: 150; Callaini and Dallai, 1994: 36; Mahnert and Horak, 1994: 247; Fowles, 1994: 17; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ducháč, 1995c: 52; Růžička, Hajer and Zacharda, 1995: 47; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Georgescu and Capuse, 1996a: 112; Legg and O'Connor, 1997: 106-107, fig. 1; Proctor, 1998: 163 (as Cthonius [sic] tetrachelatus); Dashdamirov, 1999: 80; Ducháč, 1999a: 14; Weygoldt, 2002f: 484; Beron, 2002: 32; Krumpál and Krumpálová, 2003: 119-120; Legg, 2003a: 1; Ducháč, 2004b: 74-77, figs 1-4; Francke and Villegas-Guzmán, 2006: 294; Kárpáthegyi, 2007b: 92; Holmen and Scharff, 2008: 68; Kunt, Bayram, Yağmur and Danısman, 2008: 73; Talvi, 2010: 129, 131.

Chthonius (Chthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ellingsen, 1905d: 12; Vachon, 1976: 244.

Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Beier, 1932a: 56-57, fig. 68; Fage, 1933: 54; Hadži, 1933b: 139-142, figs 8a-d; Hadži, 1933c: 179-180; Beier, 1934b: 284-285; Leruth, 1935: 26; Ionescu, 1936: 3; Bristowe, 1938: 212 (as Chthonius (Ephippicchthonius) [sic] tetrachelatus); Beier, 1939c: 7; Beier, 1939e: 305; Beier, 1939f: 163; Strouhal, 1939: 254; Vachon, 1940g: 141-142; Hoff, 1945a: 109, fig. 8; Cooreman, 1946b: 3; Caporiacco, 1947c: 252; Franz and Beier, 1948: 473, 495; Leleup, 1948: 8; Hoff, 1949b: 433-434, figs 14a-f; Kaisila, 1949a: 74; Kaisila, 1949b: 76-77, map 1; Rafalski, 1949: 79-85, figs 1-2; Vachon, 1949: fig. 222b; Caporiacco, 1951e: 69; Hoff, 1951: 2-3; Beier, 1952e: 3; Beier and Turk, 1952: 766; Beier and Franz, 1954: 454; G.O. Evans and Browning, 1954: 8; Beier, 1955d: 212; Beier, 1955n: 88; Beier, 1956h: 24; Hoff and Bolsterli, 1956: 157; Hoff, 1958: 3-4; Beier, 1959f: 114-115; Beier, 1961a: 68; Vachon, 1961: 102-103; Beier, 1963b: 57, fig. 54; Beier, 1963f: 184; Beier, 1963h: 150; Beier, 1963i: 283-284; Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1964: 610-615, figs 21-26, 27a-b, plate 1 fig. 1 (these figs erroneously labelled Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) labilus Dumitresco and Orghidan, nomen nudum); Orghidan and Dumitresco, 1964a: 328; Orghidan and Dumitresco, 1964b: 192 (as Cothonius [sic] (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Beier, 1965c: 375; Ressl, 1965: 289; Beier, 1966f: 343; Rafalski, 1967: 6-7; Lawson, 1968: 4351; Hammen, 1969: 17; Lazzeroni, 1969a: 324-325; Lazzeroni, 1969b: 395-396 (in part; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) kewi Gabbutt); Lazzeroni, 1969c: 226; Beier, 1970a: 45; Lazzeroni, 1970c: 103; Legg, 1971a: 473-475, fig. 1a; Muchmore, 1971a: 89, 91; Beron, 1972: 13; Ćurčić, 1972b 153-159, figs 15-21; Lagar, 1972a: 17; Anonymous, 1983a: 27; Legg, 1973b: 430; Ćurčić, 1974a: 14; Mahnert, 1974c: 378; Ressl, 1974: 30; Beier, 1976a: 23; Gardini, 1975: 3; Legg, 1975a: 66; Legg, 1975b: 101, figs 1d, 5, 7d, 14a-b; Nelson, 1975: 278-279, figs 4-9; Crocker, 1976: 8; Ćurčić, 1976b: 172-173; Drogla, 1977: 89; Mahnert, 1977d: 97; Crocker, 1978: 8; Mahnert, 1978e: 291; Callaini, 1979c: 343-345; Leclerc and Heurtault, 1979: 241; Gardini, 1980c: 104, 119, 130; Mahnert, 1980a: 259; Callaini, 1981a: 307; Krumpál and Kiefer, 1981: 127; Sanocka-Woloszynowa, 1981: 36; Callaini, 1983a: 149; Callaini, 1983b: 403; Mahnert, 1983d: 361; Callaini, 1984: 126-130, figs 1a-c; Heurtault, 1986c: 21; Legg, 1987: 180; Ducháč, 1988: 105; Legg and Jones, 1988: 59-60, figs 10a, 10b(a-f); Schawaller and Dashdamirov, 1988: 8-11, figs 18-27; Callaini, 1989: 138; Ducháč, 1989a: 179-180; Ducháč, 1989b: 117; Schawaller, 1989: 6-7, fig. 17; Dashdamirov, 1990: 105; Mahnert, 1990b: 683; Gardini, 1991a: 177; Harvey, 1991a: 172-174; Snider and Nelson, 1991: 260; Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 31-32; Dashdamirov and Schawaller, 1992b: 38, fig. 2; Ducháč, 1994: 140-141 (as Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) terachelatus [sic]); Gardini, 1995a: 3; Platen, Blick, Bliss, Drogla, Malten, Martens, Scaher and Wunderlich, 1995: 54; Ashmole, Oromí, Ashmole and Martín, 1996: 18; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; Petrov, 1997: 263; García Carrillo, 1998: 11; Dimitrijević, 2000c: 38; Gardini, 2000: 46-48; Henderickx, 2000c: 67, 68; Kovoor and Muñoz-Cuevas, 2000: 45, 65; Muchmore, 2000a: 148-150, figs 1a-d; Harvey, 2001b: 691; Šťáhlavský, 2001: 81-82, fig. 3; Delfosse, 2003: 30, unnumbered figure on page 30; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević and Legakis, 2004: 238-239; Drogla, 2004: 6; Drogla and Lippold, 2004: 17-18; Gardini, 2004: 129; Mahnert, 2004: 464; Ozimec, 2004: 386; Šťáhlavský and Král, 2004: 51, figs 2c, 2d, 5f; Buddle, 2005: 15; Tooren, 2005b: 93, fig. 1 (as Chthonius (Chthonius) tetrachelatus); Brand, 2006: 127; Ćurčić and Decu, 2006: 40; Šťáhlavský, 2006a: 169-170; Kárpáthegyi, 2007a: 83; Šťáhlavský and Krásný, 2007: 430; Zaragoza, 2007a: 20; Ceballos and Ferradas, 2008: 107; Gardini, 2008a: 632; Gardini, 2008b: 13; Gardini, 2009b: 24-29, figs 1-14; Šťáhlavský and Tuf, 2009: 98; Harvey, 2010: 331-332; Turienzo, Iorio and Mahnert, 2010: 560, 562, 576, 586, 589.

Ephippiochthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Vachon, 1934g: 163; Vachon, 1935j: 187-188; Vachon, 1936a: 78.

Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) beieri Lazzeroni, 1966: 497-500, figs 1a-g, 2a-b; Harvey, 1991a: 164 (synonymised by Lazzeroni, 1969b: 395).

Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) cf. tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Mahnert, 1989a: 85-86.

Chthonius aff. tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ćurčić and Dimitrijevíc, 1991b: 91-94; Ćurčić, 1991a: 165; Dimitrijević, 1992: 23-24, fig. 1; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; Dimitrijević, 2004b: 25-35, 84, figs 6a-c, 7a-c, 8a-c, 9a-c, 10a-c.

Not Chthonius longipalpis Banks: Banks, 1909c: 174 (misidentification; see Tridenchthonius cubanus (Chamberlin)).

Not Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ellingsen, 1912c: 174-175 (misidentification; see Spelyngochthonius heurtaultae Vachon).

Genus

Family

  • Paraliochthonius darwini from Australia (Image: M. Harvey)

    Chthoniidae

    The Chthoniidae was first recognized as a distinct subfamily of pseudoscorpions by Daday (1888) and treated as a full family by Hansen (1894)....

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