Species
Scorpio tetrachelatus Preyssler, 1790: 56, plate 3 fig. 3.
Chthonius trombidioides (Latreille): C.L. Koch, 1843: 76-79, figs 806-807 (misidentification); L. Koch, 1873: 49-50 (misidentification); Stecker, 1874a: 238 (misidentification); Stecker, 1875d: 88 (misidentification); L. Koch, 1877: 180 (misidentification); Daday, 1880a: 193 (misidentification); Tömösváry, 1882b: 238-239, plate 5 figs 9-12 (misidentification); Krauss, 1896: 628 (misidentification).
Chthonius maculatus Menge, 1855: 23-25, plate 1 figs 10-14, plate 3 fig. 7, plate 4 fig. 1; Hagen, 1870: 268 (synonymised by Simon, 1879a: 70).
Obisium orthodactylum Leach: McIntire, 1868: 8 (misidentification); McIntire, 1869: 247, fig. 219 (misidentification).
Chthonius trombidioides maculatus Menge: Stecker, 1874b: 308-310.
Chthonius longipalpis Banks, 1891: 164-165 (synonymised by Chamberlin, 1929a: 72); Banks, 1895a: 13 (as Chthonius longipalpus [sic]); Ewing, 1911: 77, 80, fig. 15 (as Chthonius longipalpus [sic]).
Chthonius microphthalmus Simon: %Gestro, 1904: ? (not seen) (misidentification).
Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Simon, 1879a: 70-71, 312, plate 19 fig. 18; Simon, 1881b: 15; Hansen, 1884: 553-554; Canestrini, 1885: no. 9, figs 1-3; Simon, 1885b: 213; Daday, 1888: 134, 190-191; O.P.-Cambridge, 1892: 210-211, plate A figs 15-16; F. Müller and Schenkel, 1895: 822; Ellingsen, 1897: 22-21; Simon, 1898d: 22; Tullgren, 1899a: 181-182, plate 2 figs 10-14; Strand, 1900b: 5; Simon, 1900b: 594-595; Evans, 1901b: 242; Godfrey, 1901b: 214-215; Kew, 1903: 299; Godfrey, 1904: 195; Lessert, 1905: 655; Tullgren, 1906a: 205; Ellingsen, 1907a: 171; Godfrey, 1907: 163; Jackson, 1907: 6; Strand, 1907: 243; Tullgren, 1907e: 246; Whyte and Whyte, 1907: 204; Ellingsen, 1908a: 417; Ellingsen, 1908c: 670; Ellingsen, 1908d: 70; Godfrey, 1908: 159-160; Jackson, 1908: 73; Bignotti, 1909: 66; Ellingsen, 1909a: 207, 211, 216; Ellingsen, 1909b: 220-221; Kew, 1909a: 250; Kew, 1909b: 259; Warburton, 1909: 438; Ellingsen, 1910a: 402; Ellingsen, 1910b: 62, 63; Ellingsen, 1910c: 347; Godfrey, 1910: 28-30; Kew, 1910a: 67, 68, 71, 73; Ellingsen, 1911c: 174; Kew, 1911a: 58, fig. 22; Kew, 1911b: 2; Lessert, 1911: 40-41, figs 31-32; O.P.-Cambridge, 1912: 403; Ellingsen, 1912b: 89; Krausse-Heldrungen, 1912: 65; Ellingsen, 1913a: 455; Standen, 1912: 16; Falconer, 1916: 158; Kew, 1916b: 82; Standen, 1916a: 18; Nonidez, 1917: 42-43; Standen, 1917: 30; Daday, 1918: 2; Navás, 1921: 166; Bristowe, 1923: 156; Redikorzev, 1924b: 26, fig. 12; Navás, 1925: 125-126, fig. 18a; Caporiacco, 1926: 75; Jeannel, 1926: 155-156; Schenkel, 1926: 313; Bristowe, 1927: 122; Pliginsky, 1927: 172; Beier, 1928: 312; Caporiacco, 1928b: 127; Kästner, 1928: 9, fig. 32; Schenkel, 1928: 71, figs 32, 32a; Beier, 1929a: 365; Beier, 1929e: 454; Berland, 1929: 17; Bristowe, 1929a: 25; Bristowe, 1929d: 244; Chamberlin, 1929a: 72-73, figs 1a, 1e-f, 3e; Chamberlin, 1929d: 154; Buresch, 1930: 19; Chamberlin, 1931a: 128, figs 1o, 19b, 21b, 21j, 22c, 33k, 47a; Szalay, 1931a: 353; Beier, 1932a: fig. 11; Nester, 1932: 98; Schenkel, 1933: 29; Vachon, 1934i: 408; Caporiacco, 1936b: 328; Roewer, 1936: fig. 72; Roewer, 1937: 239; Proctor, 1938: 448; Vachon, 1938a: fig. 61b; Wolf, 1938: 608; Lohmander, 1939b: 286-288, fig. 1; Vachon, 1941b: 442-449, figs 1-23; Vachon, 1941c: 540-547, figs 24-29; Savory, 1945: 180, 182; Proctor, 1946: 510; Bristowe, 1946: 65; Caporiacco, 1948c: 240; Hammen, 1949: 73, 74 (as Chtonius [sic] tetrachelatus); Hoff, 1950b: 228; Park and Auerbach, 1954: 210; Ressl and Beier, 1958: 2; Cirdei and Gutu, 1959: 10, fig. 9; Kobakhidze, 1961a: 166-169; Aellen and Strinati, 1962: 46; Bousfield, 1962: 53; Meinertz, 1962: 44-45, figs 2, 4a, 25c, 27; Höregott, 1963: 546; Meinertz, 1964: 390, map 1; Vachon, 1964b: 4841; Kobakhidze, 1965b: 541; Strinati, 1966: 326; Weygoldt, 1966d: 12, 28, 57, 61, figs 15-16, 47-48, 54; Vitali-di Castri, 1966b: fig. 2; Helversen, 1966a: 134; Kobakhidze, 1966: 701; Zangheri, 1966: 530; Kaestner, 1968: 214; Marcuzzi, 1968: 245, 266, 287; Weygoldt, 1968: 111-153, figs 1a-c, 3, 4, 6-13, 14a-b, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23a-d, 24, 31a; Manley, 1969: 6, fig. 3; Weygoldt, 1969a: 26, 41, 66-70, 108, figs 21-22, 37a-b, 52, 59-61, 105; Lazzeroni, 1970a: 207; Ressl, 1970: 250; Helversen and Martens, 1971: 382, fig. 4; Muchmore, 1971a: 89, 91; Verner, 1971: fig. 2; Howes, 1972a: 108; Muchmore, 1973g: 122; Palmgren, 1973: 7; Roth and Brown, 1976: 127; Stryker and Taylor, 1977: 26; Sweeney, Taylor and Counts, 1977: 55; Taylor, Sweeney and Counts, 1977: 115; %Paoletti, 1978: 90 (not seen); Judson, 1979a: 61; Rundle, 1979: 47; Schaller, 1979: plate 10.III fig. 1; Schawaller, 1979: 13; Thaler, 1979: 51-52; Jones, 1980c: map 6; Mendel, 1981: 228; Muchmore, 1981f: 381; Pieper, 1981: 2; Schawaller, 1983b: 5; Schawaller, 1983c: 368; Bacallado, 1984: 110; Hippa, Koponen and Mannila, 1984: 26, 27; Schawaller, in Schmalfuss and Schawaller, 1984: 3; Jędryczkowski, 1985: 78; R.E. Jones, 1985: 69; Lippold, 1985: 40; André and Jocqué, 1986: fig. 1f; Braun and Beck, 1986: 140-148; Bliss and Lippold, 1987: 43, 45; Harvey, 1987b: 68-69; Judson, 1987: 369; Hippa, Koponen and Manilla, 1988: 125; Krumpál and Cyprich, 1988: 42; Schaefer, 1988: 100; Peck, 1989: 20; Shultz, 1989: 30, figs 4b-c, 8b-c, 12b-c, 16; Drogla, 1990: 98; Medina and Oromi, 1990: 89; Muchmore, 1990a: 511, figs 18.11, 18.13; Pugh, 1990: 554, fig. 11.1; Weygoldt, 1990: fig. 7Ba-d; Pieper, 1991: 218; Schlegel and Blick, 1991: 87; Drogla, 1992: 62-66; Gärdenfors and Wilander, 1992: 28; P.R. Harvey, 1992: 150; Callaini and Dallai, 1994: 36; Mahnert and Horak, 1994: 247; Fowles, 1994: 17; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ducháč, 1995c: 52; Růžička, Hajer and Zacharda, 1995: 47; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Georgescu and Capuse, 1996a: 112; Legg and O'Connor, 1997: 106-107, fig. 1; Proctor, 1998: 163 (as Cthonius [sic] tetrachelatus); Dashdamirov, 1999: 80; Ducháč, 1999a: 14; Weygoldt, 2002f: 484; Beron, 2002: 32; Krumpál and Krumpálová, 2003: 119-120; Legg, 2003a: 1; Ducháč, 2004b: 74-77, figs 1-4; Francke and Villegas-Guzmán, 2006: 294; Kárpáthegyi, 2007b: 92; Holmen and Scharff, 2008: 68; Kunt, Bayram, Yağmur and Danısman, 2008: 73; Kvavadze, Arabuli and Murvanidze, 2008: 68; Talvi, 2010: 129, 131; Köhler, Decker, Doczkal, Fritz-Köhler, Groh, Günther, Haas, Hörren, Kreuels, Mertens, Muster, Neu, Römbke and Ulitzka, 2011: 157.
Chthonius (Chthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ellingsen, 1905d: 12; Vachon, 1976: 244.
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Beier, 1932a: 56-57, fig. 68; Fage, 1933: 54; Hadži, 1933b: 139-142, figs 8a-d; Hadži, 1933c: 179-180; Beier, 1934b: 284-285; Leruth, 1935: 26; Ionescu, 1936: 3; Bristowe, 1938: 212 (as Chthonius (Ephippicchthonius) [sic] tetrachelatus); Beier, 1939c: 7; Beier, 1939e: 305; Beier, 1939f: 163; Strouhal, 1939: 254; Vachon, 1940b: 141-142; Szent-Ivány, 1941: 86-87; Hoff, 1945a: 109, fig. 8; Cooreman, 1946b: 3; Caporiacco, 1947c: 252; Franz and Beier, 1948: 473, 495; Leleup, 1948: 8; Hoff, 1949b: 433-434, figs 14a-f; Kaisila, 1949a: 74; Kaisila, 1949b: 76-77, map 1; Rafalski, 1949: 79-85, figs 1-2; Vachon, 1949: fig. 222b; Caporiacco, 1951e: 69; Hoff, 1951: 2-3; Beier, 1952e: 3; Beier and Turk, 1952: 766; Beier and Franz, 1954: 454; G.O. Evans and Browning, 1954: 8; Beier, 1955d: 212; Beier, 1955n: 88; Beier, 1956h: 24; Hoff and Bolsterli, 1956: 157; Hoff, 1958: 3-4; Beier, 1959f: 114-115; Beier, 1961a: 68; Vachon, 1961: 102-103; Beier, 1963b: 57, fig. 54; Beier, 1963f: 184; Beier, 1963h: 150; Beier, 1963i: 283-284; Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1964: 610-615, figs 21-26, 27a-b, plate 1 fig. 1 (these figs erroneously labelled Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) labilus Dumitresco and Orghidan, nomen nudum); Orghidan and Dumitresco, 1964a: 328; Orghidan and Dumitresco, 1964b: 192 (as Cothonius [sic] (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Beier, 1965c: 375; Ressl, 1965: 289; Beier, 1966f: 343; Rafalski, 1967: 6-7; Lawson, 1968: 4351; Hammen, 1969: 17; Lazzeroni, 1969a: 324-325; Lazzeroni, 1969b: 395-396 (in part; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) kewi Gabbutt); Lazzeroni, 1969c: 226; Beier, 1970a: 45; Lazzeroni, 1970c: 103; Legg, 1971a: 473-475, fig. 1a; Muchmore, 1971a: 89, 91; Beron, 1972: 13; Ćurčić, 1972b 153-159, figs 15-21; Lagar, 1972a: 17; Anonymous, 1983a: 27; Legg, 1973b: 430; Ćurčić, 1974a: 14; Mahnert, 1974c: 378; Ressl, 1974: 30; Beier, 1976a: 23; Gardini, 1975: 3; Legg, 1975a: 66; Legg, 1975b: 101, figs 1d, 5, 7d, 14a-b; Nelson, 1975: 278-279, figs 4-9; Crocker, 1976: 8; Ćurčić, 1976b: 172-173; Drogla, 1977: 89; Mahnert, 1977d: 97; Crocker, 1978: 8; Mahnert, 1978e: 291; Callaini, 1979c: 343-345; Leclerc and Heurtault, 1979: 241; Gardini, 1980c: 104, 119, 130; Mahnert, 1980a: 259; Callaini, 1981a: 307; Krumpál and Kiefer, 1981: 127; Sanocka-Woloszynowa, 1981: 36; Callaini, 1983a: 149; Callaini, 1983b: 403; Mahnert, 1983d: 361; Callaini, 1984: 126-130, figs 1a-c; Heurtault, 1986c: 21; Legg, 1987: 180; Ducháč, 1988: 105; Legg and Jones, 1988: 59-60, figs 10a, 10b(a-f); Schawaller and Dashdamirov, 1988: 8-11, figs 18-27; Callaini, 1989: 138; Ducháč, 1989a: 179-180; Ducháč, 1989b: 117; Schawaller, 1989: 6-7, fig. 17; Dashdamirov, 1990: 105; Mahnert, 1990b: 683; Gardini, 1991a: 177; Harvey, 1991a: 172-174; Snider and Nelson, 1991: 260; Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 31-32; Dashdamirov and Schawaller, 1992b: 38, fig. 2; Ducháč, 1994: 140-141 (as Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) terachelatus [sic]); Gardini, 1995a: 3; Platen, Blick, Bliss, Drogla, Malten, Martens, Scaher and Wunderlich, 1995: 54; Ashmole, Oromí, Ashmole and Martín, 1996: 18; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; Petrov, 1997: 263; García Carrillo, 1998: 11; Dimitrijević, 2000c: 38; Gardini, 2000: 46-48; Henderickx, 2000c: 67, 68; Kovoor and Muñoz-Cuevas, 2000: 45, 65; Muchmore, 2000a: 148-150, figs 1a-d; Harvey, 2001b: 691; Šťáhlavský, 2001: 81-82, fig. 3; Delfosse, 2003: 30, unnumbered figure on page 30; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević and Legakis, 2004: 238-239; Drogla, 2004: 6; Drogla and Lippold, 2004: 17-18; Gardini, 2004: 129; Mahnert, 2004: 464; Ozimec, 2004: 386; Šťáhlavský and Král, 2004: 51, figs 2c, 2d, 5f; Buddle, 2005: 15; Tooren, 2005b: 93, fig. 1 (as Chthonius (Chthonius) tetrachelatus); Brand, 2006: 127; Ćurčić and Decu, 2006: 40; Šťáhlavský, 2006a: 169-170; Christophoryová and Krumpál, 2007: 29; Groh, 2007: 205, fig. 4; Kárpáthegyi, 2007a: 83; Šťáhlavský and Krásný, 2007: 430; Zaragoza, 2007a: 20; Zaragoza and Galán, 2007: 4; Ceballos and Ferradas, 2008: 107; Gardini, 2008a: 632; Gardini, 2008b: 13; Gardini, 2009b: 24-29, figs 1-14; Šťáhlavský and Tuf, 2009: 98; Buddle, 2010: 5, fig. 1e; Christophoryová, 2010: 4; Harvey, 2010a: 331-332; Turienzo, Iorio and Mahnert, 2010: 560, 562, 576, 586, 589; Christophoryová, Štáhlavský and Fedor, 2011: 36, fig. 1J; Isaia, Paschetta, Lana, Pantini, Schönhofer, Christian and Badino, 2011: 208, fig. 5.9; Mahnert, 2011d: 34; Mahnert, Di Iorio, Turienzo and Porta, 2011: 8-9; Šťáhlavský, 2011: 252.
Ephippiochthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Vachon, 1934g: 163; Vachon, 1935j: 187-188; Vachon, 1936a: 78.
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) beieri Lazzeroni, 1966: 497-500, figs 1a-g, 2a-b; Harvey, 1991a: 164 (synonymised by Lazzeroni, 1969b: 395).
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) cf. tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Mahnert, 1989a: 85-86.
Chthonius aff. tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ćurčić and Dimitrijevíc, 1991b: 91-94; Ćurčić, 1991a: 165; Dimitrijević, 1992: 23-24, fig. 1; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; Dimitrijević, 2004b: 25-35, 84, figs 6a-c, 7a-c, 8a-c, 9a-c, 10a-c.
Not Chthonius longipalpis Banks: Banks, 1909c: 174 (misidentification; see Tridenchthonius cubanus (Chamberlin)).
Not Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ellingsen, 1912c: 174-175 (misidentification; see Spelyngochthonius heurtaultae Vachon).
Scorpio tetrachelatus: Karlovo náměstí, Prague, Praha, Czech Republic.
Chthonius maculatus: Bischofsberge, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany.
Chthonius longipalpis: Long Island, New York, U.S.A. Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, U.S.A. Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A.
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) beieri: Sirolo, Marche, Italy.
Latitude: 50°05'N
Longitude: 14°25'E
Coordinates based upon: Karlovo náměstí
Pseudoscorpiones de Geer 1778
Order
Epiocheirata Harvey 1992
Suborder
Chthonioidea Daday 1888
Superfamily
Chthoniidae Daday, 1888
Family
Chthoniini Daday 1888
Tribe
Chthonius C.L. Koch, 1843
Genus
Ephippiochthonius Beier, 1930
Subgenus
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790)
Species
Scorpio tetrachelatus Preyssler, 1790: 56, plate 3 fig. 3.
Chthonius trombidioides (Latreille): C.L. Koch, 1843: 76-79, figs 806-807 (misidentification); L. Koch, 1873: 49-50 (misidentification); Stecker, 1874a: 238 (misidentification); Stecker, 1875d: 88 (misidentification); L. Koch, 1877: 180 (misidentification); Daday, 1880a: 193 (misidentification); Tömösváry, 1882b: 238-239, plate 5 figs 9-12 (misidentification); Krauss, 1896: 628 (misidentification).
Chthonius maculatus Menge, 1855: 23-25, plate 1 figs 10-14, plate 3 fig. 7, plate 4 fig. 1; Hagen, 1870: 268 (synonymised by Simon, 1879a: 70).
Obisium orthodactylum Leach: McIntire, 1868: 8 (misidentification); McIntire, 1869: 247, fig. 219 (misidentification).
Chthonius trombidioides maculatus Menge: Stecker, 1874b: 308-310.
Chthonius longipalpis Banks, 1891: 164-165 (synonymised by Chamberlin, 1929a: 72); Banks, 1895a: 13 (as Chthonius longipalpus [sic]); Ewing, 1911: 77, 80, fig. 15 (as Chthonius longipalpus [sic]).
Chthonius microphthalmus Simon: %Gestro, 1904: ? (not seen) (misidentification).
Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Simon, 1879a: 70-71, 312, plate 19 fig. 18; Simon, 1881b: 15; Hansen, 1884: 553-554; Canestrini, 1885: no. 9, figs 1-3; Simon, 1885b: 213; Daday, 1888: 134, 190-191; O.P.-Cambridge, 1892: 210-211, plate A figs 15-16; F. Müller and Schenkel, 1895: 822; Ellingsen, 1897: 22-21; Simon, 1898d: 22; Tullgren, 1899a: 181-182, plate 2 figs 10-14; Strand, 1900b: 5; Simon, 1900b: 594-595; Evans, 1901b: 242; Godfrey, 1901b: 214-215; Kew, 1903: 299; Godfrey, 1904: 195; Lessert, 1905: 655; Tullgren, 1906a: 205; Ellingsen, 1907a: 171; Godfrey, 1907: 163; Jackson, 1907: 6; Strand, 1907: 243; Tullgren, 1907e: 246; Whyte and Whyte, 1907: 204; Ellingsen, 1908a: 417; Ellingsen, 1908c: 670; Ellingsen, 1908d: 70; Godfrey, 1908: 159-160; Jackson, 1908: 73; Bignotti, 1909: 66; Ellingsen, 1909a: 207, 211, 216; Ellingsen, 1909b: 220-221; Kew, 1909a: 250; Kew, 1909b: 259; Warburton, 1909: 438; Ellingsen, 1910a: 402; Ellingsen, 1910b: 62, 63; Ellingsen, 1910c: 347; Godfrey, 1910: 28-30; Kew, 1910a: 67, 68, 71, 73; Ellingsen, 1911c: 174; Kew, 1911a: 58, fig. 22; Kew, 1911b: 2; Lessert, 1911: 40-41, figs 31-32; O.P.-Cambridge, 1912: 403; Ellingsen, 1912b: 89; Krausse-Heldrungen, 1912: 65; Ellingsen, 1913a: 455; Standen, 1912: 16; Falconer, 1916: 158; Kew, 1916b: 82; Standen, 1916a: 18; Nonidez, 1917: 42-43; Standen, 1917: 30; Daday, 1918: 2; Navás, 1921: 166; Bristowe, 1923: 156; Redikorzev, 1924b: 26, fig. 12; Navás, 1925: 125-126, fig. 18a; Caporiacco, 1926: 75; Jeannel, 1926: 155-156; Schenkel, 1926: 313; Bristowe, 1927: 122; Pliginsky, 1927: 172; Beier, 1928: 312; Caporiacco, 1928b: 127; Kästner, 1928: 9, fig. 32; Schenkel, 1928: 71, figs 32, 32a; Beier, 1929a: 365; Beier, 1929e: 454; Berland, 1929: 17; Bristowe, 1929a: 25; Bristowe, 1929d: 244; Chamberlin, 1929a: 72-73, figs 1a, 1e-f, 3e; Chamberlin, 1929d: 154; Buresch, 1930: 19; Chamberlin, 1931a: 128, figs 1o, 19b, 21b, 21j, 22c, 33k, 47a; Szalay, 1931a: 353; Beier, 1932a: fig. 11; Nester, 1932: 98; Schenkel, 1933: 29; Vachon, 1934i: 408; Caporiacco, 1936b: 328; Roewer, 1936: fig. 72; Roewer, 1937: 239; Proctor, 1938: 448; Vachon, 1938a: fig. 61b; Wolf, 1938: 608; Lohmander, 1939b: 286-288, fig. 1; Vachon, 1941b: 442-449, figs 1-23; Vachon, 1941c: 540-547, figs 24-29; Savory, 1945: 180, 182; Proctor, 1946: 510; Bristowe, 1946: 65; Caporiacco, 1948c: 240; Hammen, 1949: 73, 74 (as Chtonius [sic] tetrachelatus); Hoff, 1950b: 228; Park and Auerbach, 1954: 210; Ressl and Beier, 1958: 2; Cirdei and Gutu, 1959: 10, fig. 9; Kobakhidze, 1961a: 166-169; Aellen and Strinati, 1962: 46; Bousfield, 1962: 53; Meinertz, 1962: 44-45, figs 2, 4a, 25c, 27; Höregott, 1963: 546; Meinertz, 1964: 390, map 1; Vachon, 1964b: 4841; Kobakhidze, 1965b: 541; Strinati, 1966: 326; Weygoldt, 1966d: 12, 28, 57, 61, figs 15-16, 47-48, 54; Vitali-di Castri, 1966b: fig. 2; Helversen, 1966a: 134; Kobakhidze, 1966: 701; Zangheri, 1966: 530; Kaestner, 1968: 214; Marcuzzi, 1968: 245, 266, 287; Weygoldt, 1968: 111-153, figs 1a-c, 3, 4, 6-13, 14a-b, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23a-d, 24, 31a; Manley, 1969: 6, fig. 3; Weygoldt, 1969a: 26, 41, 66-70, 108, figs 21-22, 37a-b, 52, 59-61, 105; Lazzeroni, 1970a: 207; Ressl, 1970: 250; Helversen and Martens, 1971: 382, fig. 4; Muchmore, 1971a: 89, 91; Verner, 1971: fig. 2; Howes, 1972a: 108; Muchmore, 1973g: 122; Palmgren, 1973: 7; Roth and Brown, 1976: 127; Stryker and Taylor, 1977: 26; Sweeney, Taylor and Counts, 1977: 55; Taylor, Sweeney and Counts, 1977: 115; %Paoletti, 1978: 90 (not seen); Judson, 1979a: 61; Rundle, 1979: 47; Schaller, 1979: plate 10.III fig. 1; Schawaller, 1979: 13; Thaler, 1979: 51-52; Jones, 1980c: map 6; Mendel, 1981: 228; Muchmore, 1981f: 381; Pieper, 1981: 2; Schawaller, 1983b: 5; Schawaller, 1983c: 368; Bacallado, 1984: 110; Hippa, Koponen and Mannila, 1984: 26, 27; Schawaller, in Schmalfuss and Schawaller, 1984: 3; Jędryczkowski, 1985: 78; R.E. Jones, 1985: 69; Lippold, 1985: 40; André and Jocqué, 1986: fig. 1f; Braun and Beck, 1986: 140-148; Bliss and Lippold, 1987: 43, 45; Harvey, 1987b: 68-69; Judson, 1987: 369; Hippa, Koponen and Manilla, 1988: 125; Krumpál and Cyprich, 1988: 42; Schaefer, 1988: 100; Peck, 1989: 20; Shultz, 1989: 30, figs 4b-c, 8b-c, 12b-c, 16; Drogla, 1990: 98; Medina and Oromi, 1990: 89; Muchmore, 1990a: 511, figs 18.11, 18.13; Pugh, 1990: 554, fig. 11.1; Weygoldt, 1990: fig. 7Ba-d; Pieper, 1991: 218; Schlegel and Blick, 1991: 87; Drogla, 1992: 62-66; Gärdenfors and Wilander, 1992: 28; P.R. Harvey, 1992: 150; Callaini and Dallai, 1994: 36; Mahnert and Horak, 1994: 247; Fowles, 1994: 17; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ducháč, 1995c: 52; Růžička, Hajer and Zacharda, 1995: 47; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Georgescu and Capuse, 1996a: 112; Legg and O'Connor, 1997: 106-107, fig. 1; Proctor, 1998: 163 (as Cthonius [sic] tetrachelatus); Dashdamirov, 1999: 80; Ducháč, 1999a: 14; Weygoldt, 2002f: 484; Beron, 2002: 32; Krumpál and Krumpálová, 2003: 119-120; Legg, 2003a: 1; Ducháč, 2004b: 74-77, figs 1-4; Francke and Villegas-Guzmán, 2006: 294; Kárpáthegyi, 2007b: 92; Holmen and Scharff, 2008: 68; Kunt, Bayram, Yağmur and Danısman, 2008: 73; Kvavadze, Arabuli and Murvanidze, 2008: 68; Talvi, 2010: 129, 131; Köhler, Decker, Doczkal, Fritz-Köhler, Groh, Günther, Haas, Hörren, Kreuels, Mertens, Muster, Neu, Römbke and Ulitzka, 2011: 157.
Chthonius (Chthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ellingsen, 1905d: 12; Vachon, 1976: 244.
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Beier, 1932a: 56-57, fig. 68; Fage, 1933: 54; Hadži, 1933b: 139-142, figs 8a-d; Hadži, 1933c: 179-180; Beier, 1934b: 284-285; Leruth, 1935: 26; Ionescu, 1936: 3; Bristowe, 1938: 212 (as Chthonius (Ephippicchthonius) [sic] tetrachelatus); Beier, 1939c: 7; Beier, 1939e: 305; Beier, 1939f: 163; Strouhal, 1939: 254; Vachon, 1940b: 141-142; Szent-Ivány, 1941: 86-87; Hoff, 1945a: 109, fig. 8; Cooreman, 1946b: 3; Caporiacco, 1947c: 252; Franz and Beier, 1948: 473, 495; Leleup, 1948: 8; Hoff, 1949b: 433-434, figs 14a-f; Kaisila, 1949a: 74; Kaisila, 1949b: 76-77, map 1; Rafalski, 1949: 79-85, figs 1-2; Vachon, 1949: fig. 222b; Caporiacco, 1951e: 69; Hoff, 1951: 2-3; Beier, 1952e: 3; Beier and Turk, 1952: 766; Beier and Franz, 1954: 454; G.O. Evans and Browning, 1954: 8; Beier, 1955d: 212; Beier, 1955n: 88; Beier, 1956h: 24; Hoff and Bolsterli, 1956: 157; Hoff, 1958: 3-4; Beier, 1959f: 114-115; Beier, 1961a: 68; Vachon, 1961: 102-103; Beier, 1963b: 57, fig. 54; Beier, 1963f: 184; Beier, 1963h: 150; Beier, 1963i: 283-284; Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1964: 610-615, figs 21-26, 27a-b, plate 1 fig. 1 (these figs erroneously labelled Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) labilus Dumitresco and Orghidan, nomen nudum); Orghidan and Dumitresco, 1964a: 328; Orghidan and Dumitresco, 1964b: 192 (as Cothonius [sic] (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Beier, 1965c: 375; Ressl, 1965: 289; Beier, 1966f: 343; Rafalski, 1967: 6-7; Lawson, 1968: 4351; Hammen, 1969: 17; Lazzeroni, 1969a: 324-325; Lazzeroni, 1969b: 395-396 (in part; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) kewi Gabbutt); Lazzeroni, 1969c: 226; Beier, 1970a: 45; Lazzeroni, 1970c: 103; Legg, 1971a: 473-475, fig. 1a; Muchmore, 1971a: 89, 91; Beron, 1972: 13; Ćurčić, 1972b 153-159, figs 15-21; Lagar, 1972a: 17; Anonymous, 1983a: 27; Legg, 1973b: 430; Ćurčić, 1974a: 14; Mahnert, 1974c: 378; Ressl, 1974: 30; Beier, 1976a: 23; Gardini, 1975: 3; Legg, 1975a: 66; Legg, 1975b: 101, figs 1d, 5, 7d, 14a-b; Nelson, 1975: 278-279, figs 4-9; Crocker, 1976: 8; Ćurčić, 1976b: 172-173; Drogla, 1977: 89; Mahnert, 1977d: 97; Crocker, 1978: 8; Mahnert, 1978e: 291; Callaini, 1979c: 343-345; Leclerc and Heurtault, 1979: 241; Gardini, 1980c: 104, 119, 130; Mahnert, 1980a: 259; Callaini, 1981a: 307; Krumpál and Kiefer, 1981: 127; Sanocka-Woloszynowa, 1981: 36; Callaini, 1983a: 149; Callaini, 1983b: 403; Mahnert, 1983d: 361; Callaini, 1984: 126-130, figs 1a-c; Heurtault, 1986c: 21; Legg, 1987: 180; Ducháč, 1988: 105; Legg and Jones, 1988: 59-60, figs 10a, 10b(a-f); Schawaller and Dashdamirov, 1988: 8-11, figs 18-27; Callaini, 1989: 138; Ducháč, 1989a: 179-180; Ducháč, 1989b: 117; Schawaller, 1989: 6-7, fig. 17; Dashdamirov, 1990: 105; Mahnert, 1990b: 683; Gardini, 1991a: 177; Harvey, 1991a: 172-174; Snider and Nelson, 1991: 260; Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 31-32; Dashdamirov and Schawaller, 1992b: 38, fig. 2; Ducháč, 1994: 140-141 (as Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) terachelatus [sic]); Gardini, 1995a: 3; Platen, Blick, Bliss, Drogla, Malten, Martens, Scaher and Wunderlich, 1995: 54; Ashmole, Oromí, Ashmole and Martín, 1996: 18; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; Petrov, 1997: 263; García Carrillo, 1998: 11; Dimitrijević, 2000c: 38; Gardini, 2000: 46-48; Henderickx, 2000c: 67, 68; Kovoor and Muñoz-Cuevas, 2000: 45, 65; Muchmore, 2000a: 148-150, figs 1a-d; Harvey, 2001b: 691; Šťáhlavský, 2001: 81-82, fig. 3; Delfosse, 2003: 30, unnumbered figure on page 30; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević and Legakis, 2004: 238-239; Drogla, 2004: 6; Drogla and Lippold, 2004: 17-18; Gardini, 2004: 129; Mahnert, 2004: 464; Ozimec, 2004: 386; Šťáhlavský and Král, 2004: 51, figs 2c, 2d, 5f; Buddle, 2005: 15; Tooren, 2005b: 93, fig. 1 (as Chthonius (Chthonius) tetrachelatus); Brand, 2006: 127; Ćurčić and Decu, 2006: 40; Šťáhlavský, 2006a: 169-170; Christophoryová and Krumpál, 2007: 29; Groh, 2007: 205, fig. 4; Kárpáthegyi, 2007a: 83; Šťáhlavský and Krásný, 2007: 430; Zaragoza, 2007a: 20; Zaragoza and Galán, 2007: 4; Ceballos and Ferradas, 2008: 107; Gardini, 2008a: 632; Gardini, 2008b: 13; Gardini, 2009b: 24-29, figs 1-14; Šťáhlavský and Tuf, 2009: 98; Buddle, 2010: 5, fig. 1e; Christophoryová, 2010: 4; Harvey, 2010a: 331-332; Turienzo, Iorio and Mahnert, 2010: 560, 562, 576, 586, 589; Christophoryová, Štáhlavský and Fedor, 2011: 36, fig. 1J; Isaia, Paschetta, Lana, Pantini, Schönhofer, Christian and Badino, 2011: 208, fig. 5.9; Mahnert, 2011d: 34; Mahnert, Di Iorio, Turienzo and Porta, 2011: 8-9; Šťáhlavský, 2011: 252.
Ephippiochthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Vachon, 1934g: 163; Vachon, 1935j: 187-188; Vachon, 1936a: 78.
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) beieri Lazzeroni, 1966: 497-500, figs 1a-g, 2a-b; Harvey, 1991a: 164 (synonymised by Lazzeroni, 1969b: 395).
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) cf. tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Mahnert, 1989a: 85-86.
Chthonius aff. tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ćurčić and Dimitrijevíc, 1991b: 91-94; Ćurčić, 1991a: 165; Dimitrijević, 1992: 23-24, fig. 1; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; Dimitrijević, 2004b: 25-35, 84, figs 6a-c, 7a-c, 8a-c, 9a-c, 10a-c.
Not Chthonius longipalpis Banks: Banks, 1909c: 174 (misidentification; see Tridenchthonius cubanus (Chamberlin)).
Not Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler): Ellingsen, 1912c: 174-175 (misidentification; see Spelyngochthonius heurtaultae Vachon).
Type Locality
Scorpio tetrachelatus: Karlovo náměstí, Prague, Praha, Czech Republic.
Chthonius maculatus: Bischofsberge, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany.
Chthonius longipalpis: Long Island, New York, U.S.A.
Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, U.S.A.
Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A.
Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) beieri: Sirolo, Marche, Italy.
Distribution
Pages
Latitude: 50°05'N
Longitude: 14°25'E
Coordinates based upon: Karlovo náměstí
Pseudoscorpiones de Geer 1778
Order
Epiocheirata Harvey 1992
Suborder
Chthonioidea Daday 1888
Superfamily
Chthoniidae Daday, 1888
Family
Chthoniini Daday 1888
Tribe
Chthonius C.L. Koch, 1843
Genus
Ephippiochthonius Beier, 1930
Subgenus