Chthonius (Chthonius) ischnocheles (Hermann, 1804)

Species

Chelifer ischnochelus Hermann, 1804: 118-119, plate 5 fig. p, plate 6 fig. 14; Latreille, 1818b: 12, 13, plates 348, 349 (as Chelifer ischnochelos); Gervais, 1844: 81 (as Chelifer ischnocheles).

Chelifer trombidioides Latreille, 1804: 142-143; Latreille, 1806: 133; Leach, 1814: 429 (as Chelifer trombidioidos [sic]); Latreille, 1825a: 133; Brébisson, 1827: 263; Guérin-Méneville, 1828: 598-599 (synonymised by C.L. Koch, 1843: 77).

Obisium trombidioides (Latreille): Leach, 1815: 391; Leach, 1816: 433, plate XXIII; Dugès and Edwards, 1836: plate 20 bis figs 5, 5a-b; Shipley, 1909: fig. 547.

Chthonius pennsylvanicus Hagen, 1868b: 52 (as Chthonius pensylvanicus [sic]); Hagen, 1870: 268; Banks, 1890: 152; Banks, 1891: 164; Banks, 1895a: 13; Banks, 1904a: 141; Coolidge, 1908: 114; Ewing, 1911: 80; Pratt, 1927: 410 (synonymised by Chamberlin, 1929a: 72).

Obisium ischnocheles (Hermann): Hagen, 1870: 270.

Chthonius rayi L. Koch, 1873: 48-49; Ritsema, 1874: xxxiv; Stecker, 1874a: 238; Stecker, 1875d: 88; Canestrini, 1876: 228; Simon, 1879a: 74-75, plate 17 figs 2, 8, plate 19 fig. 19; Cantoni, 1882: 193; Tömösváry: 1882b: 240-241, plate 5 figs 13-14; Simon, 1883: 279; Becker, 1884: cclxiv; Canestrini, 1885: no. 5, figs 1-3; O.-P. Cambridge, 1886: 45; O.P.-Cambridge, 1892: 209-210, plate A figs 10-14; Hansen, 1894: plate 5 figs 12-13; Lameere, 1895: 474; F. Müller and Schenkel, 1895: 822; Becker, 1896: 335-336; Krauss, 1896: 628; Carpenter and Evans, 1897: 123; Ellingsen, 1897: 18-20; Kulczynski, 1899: 458; Tullgren, 1899a: 181; Simon, 1900b: 595; Strand, 1900b: 5; Evans, 1901a: 54; Evans, 1901b: 242; Godfrey, 1901b: 214-215; Goulding, 1901: 154; Kew, 1901b: 194; Donisthorpe, 1902: 67; Peacock, 1902a: 137; Peacock, 1902b: 380; Kew, 1903: 298, 299, fig. 2; Planet, 1905: 288; With, 1906: plate 1 fig. 2a; Ellingsen, 1907a: 172; Godfrey, 1907: 163; Jackson, 1907: 6 (as Chthonius rayii); Tullgren, 1907e: 246; Ellingsen, 1908d: 70; Godfrey, 1908: 160; Gozo, 1908: 132; Jackson, 1908: 73 (as Chthonius rayii); Bignotti, 1909: 67 (as Chthonius ray [sic]); Ellingsen, 1909a: 211; Jackson, 1909: 438 (as Chthonius rayii); Kew, 1909a: 250; Kew, 1909b: 259; Warburton, 1909: 438; Booth, 1910: 35 (as Chthonius rayii); Donisthorpe, 1910: 84; Ellingsen, 1910a: 401; Ellingsen, 1910b: 62; Godfrey, 1910: 31-33; Jackson, 1910: 50 (as Chthonius rayii); Kew, 1910a: 64, 73; Ellingsen, 1911c: 174; Kew, 1911a: 56-57, fig. 19; Lessert, 1911: 37-38, fig. 29; Ellingsen, 1912c: 174; Krausse-Heldrungen, 1912: 65; Standen, 1912: 16, fig. 2; Ellingsen, 1913a: 455; Falcoz, 1913: 3 (as Chtonius [sic] rayi); Falconer, 1916: 157-158; Kew, 1916a: 124; Kew, 1916b: 81; Standen, 1916a: 17; Standen, 1916b: 124; Nonidez, 1917: 43; Standen, 1917: 30; Standen, 1918: 335; Navás, 1919: 214; Navás, 1921: 166; Bristowe, 1922: 11; Navás, 1923: 34; Caporiacco, 1925a: 231; Caporiacco, 1926: 75; Navás, 1925: 126, fig. 18b; Jeannel, 1926: 155; Donisthorpe, 1927: 183; Bacelar, 1928: 190; Beier, 1928: 313; Kästner, 1928: 9, fig. 31; Schenkel, 1928: 70, fig. 31; Beier, 1929d: 156; Berland, 1929: 17; Bristowe, 1929a: 25; Bristowe, 1929c: 188; Bristowe, 1929d: 244 (as Chthonius rayii); Bristowe, 1930: 622 (as Chthonius rayii); Buresch, 1930: 19; Kew, 1930: 253-256, figs 1b, 2; Bristowe, 1931e: 113 (as Chthonius rayii); Franganillo, 1936: 155 (misidentification?); Morley, 1940: 167; Sanfilipo, Timossi and Conci, 1943: 312 (as Chthonius reyi [sic]); Walton, 1944: 131 (as Chthonius rayii); Gilbert, 1949: 17; Weidner, 1959: 115; Judson, 1997a: 36-37 (as junior synonym of Chthonius (Chthonius) ischnocheles (Hermann)) (synonymised by Chamberlin, 1929a: 72).

Obisium cavernarum L. Koch: Gestro, 1887: 497 (misidentification).

Chthonius microphthalmus Simon: Simon, 1896: 375 (misidentification); Simon, 1898d: 23 (misidentification).

Chthonius tenuis L. Koch: Simon 1900b: 595 (misidentification).

Chthonius (Chthonius) rayi L. Koch: Ellingsen, 1905d: 12.

Chthonius ischnocheles (Hermann): Chamberlin, 1929a: 71-72, figs 2a, 2g, 2k, 2m-n, 3a, 3d; Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 4a, 11a, 11t, 15a, 28d, 33o, 34d, 40a-c, 42a, 43a-b, 46f, 52a; Beier, 1932g: fig. 167; Fage, 1933: 54 (as Chthoniuss [sic] ischnochele [sic]); Vachon, 1934g: 162; Vachon, 1934i: 408; Chamberlin, 1935b: 479; Savory, 1935: fig. 63ii (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); Vachon, 1935j: 187-188; Roewer, 1936: figs 16, 70a; Vachon, 1936a: 78; Roewer, 1937: 239; Vachon, 1937f: 128; Schenkel, 1938: 37-38; Vachon, 1938a: 73-79, figs 41-45, 60a-b, 61a; Wolf, 1938: 607; Beier, 1939a: fig. 166a; Lohmander, 1939b: 285-286, fig. 2; Caporiacco, 1940: 6; Bristowe, 1941: 327; Pearse, 1943: 464 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) paludis (Chamberlin)); Savory, 1945: 180, 181-182 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); Bristowe, 1946: 65; Leleup, 1947: 322; Beier, 1948a: 188; Beier, 1948b: 456; Caporiacco, 1949c: 133; Vachon, 1949: figs 206c, 207c; Gilbert, 1951a: 548-551, figs 1-2 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); Balazuc, Miré, Sigwalt and Théodoridès, 1951: 187, 215, 216, 219; %Parenzan, 1953: 90 (not seen); %Parenzan, 1954: 99 (not seen); Betts, 1955: 298; Betts, 1955: 298 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); George, 1955: 123; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1956a: 71 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); George, 1957: 80; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1958b: 96; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1959: 179 (as Cthonius [sic] ischnocheles); George, 1961: 38; Pontin, 1961: 135; Vachon, 1961: 102; Meinertz, 1962: 42-44, figs 5b, 25a-b, 26; Gabbutt and Vachon, 1963: 76-97, figs 1-44; Meinertz, 1964: 388-389, map 1; Savory, 1964a: fig. 33b; Helversen, 1966a: 133-134; Helversen, 1966b: figs 1c, 4h, 6a; Weygoldt, 1966d: fig. 61; Zangheri, 1966: 529-530; Bishop, 1967: 393, figs 1-2; Gabbutt, 1967: 470-478, figs 1-2; Turk, 1967: 153; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1968: 126, 134, 135, 139; Helversen, 1968: fig. 5; Marcuzzi, 1968: 245, 267, 288; Weygoldt, 1968: 111-153, figs 2a-b, 5, 16, 18, 20; Gabbutt, 1969c: 230; Weygoldt, 1969a: 70, 122, 123, figs 112a-d; Gabbutt, 1970c: 7-8, fig. 2; Jones, 1970a: 77-79, figs 1-5; Legg, 1970b: figs 3(2), 3(7); Marcuzzi, Lorenzoni and F. di Castri, 1970: 429-430; Hunt and Legg, 1971: 476-478; Marcuzzi, Dalla Venezia and Lorenzoni, 1971: 139; Negrea and Negrea, 1971: 88, 89, 119; Verner, 1971: figs 3, 16; Legg, 1972b: 4, 5; Howes, 1972a: 108 (as Chthonius ischonocheles [sic]); Salmon, 1972: 66, 67; Legg, 1973a: 368-392, figs 1-11, plates 1-3; Legg, 1973b: 430-440, figs 1, 2a, plates 1-3; Jones, 1975a: 87-88; Klausen, 1975: 63 (as Chthonius iscnocheles [sic]); Legg, 1975a: 66; Legg, 1975b: 100, figs 1a, 2, 7a, 9a-c, 10a-b, 11a-b; P.A. Wood, 1975: 145-149, figs 1-2; Beier, 1977b: 2; Savory, 1977: fig. 93b; Bellés, 1978: 87; Jones, 1978: 93, 94, 95; Paoletti, 1978: 90; P.A. Wood and Gabbutt, 1978: 176-182, figs 6-10, 21-25; Baccetti, 1979: fig. 11.7; Jones, 1979a: 200-201; Judson, 1979a: 60; Matsuda, 1979: 201 (as Chthonius ischnocheleus [sic]); Rundle, 1979: 47; Schawaller, 1979: 13; Thaler, 1979: 51; P.A. Wood and Gabbutt, 1979a: 285-292; P.A. Wood and Gabbutt, 1979b: 329-336; Gabbutt and Aitchison, 1980: 57-60, figs 1-4; Jones, 1980c: map 3; Judson, 1980: 8; Mahnert, 1981c: fig. 1; Mendel, 1981: 227; Pieper, 1981: 2; Schawaller, 1981b: 42-44; Mendel, 1982: 296; P.R. Harvey, 1983: 126; R.E. Jones, 1983: 396; Bacallado, 1984: 110; R.E. Jones, 1985: 69; Andersson, Coulianos, Ehnström, Hammarstedt, Imby, Janzon, Lindelöw and Waldén, 1987: 68; Ćurčić and Dimitrijević, 1987: 1-2, figs 1a-b; Kovoor, 1987: 161, 166; Ćurčić and Dimitrijević, 1987: 1-2, figs 1a-b; Schaefer, 1988: 100; Callaini and Dallai, 1989: 87, figs 1-3; Chater, 1989: 7; Weygoldt, 1990: 99; Ćurčić and Dimitrijevíc, 1991b: 91-94; Geoffroy, 1991: 36-37, fig. 2; Pieper, 1991: 218; Gärdenfors and Wilander, 1992: 28, fig. 3a; P.R. Harvey, 1992: 150; Harvey, 1992c: figs 14-17; Peters, 1992: fig. 810 (as Chthonius ishnocheles [sic]); Callaini and Dallai, 1994: 36, figs 1, 2, 5-12; Fowles, 1994: 17; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Legg and O'Connor, 1997: 107-109, fig. 2; Dimitrijević, 1998: 32-34; Legg, 1998: 2; Proctor, 1998: 163 (as Cthonius [sic] ischnocheles); Bell, Gates, Haughton, Macdonald, Smith, Wheater and Cullen, 1999: 237-239; Bell, Haughton and Boatman, 1999: 6-7, figs 1-2; Ducháč, 1999a: 14; Wilde, 2001: 3; Krumpál and Krumpálová, 2003: 119; Legg, 2003a: 1; Dimitrijević, 2004b: 17-25, 76-84, figs 1a-d, 2a-d, 3a-d, 4a-d, 5a-d, 29, 30a-h, 31, 32a-I, 33a-c, 34a-I, 35a-e, 36a-l, 37a-c; Negri, 2004: 586-588; Smithers, Thomas and Goodacre, 2005: 3; Gardini, 2007: 384; Kárpáthegyi, 2007b: 91; Holmen and Scharff, 2008: 68; Kunt, Bayram, Yağmur and Danısman, 2008: 72; Gardini, 2009a: 33.

Chthonius (Chthonius) parvioculatus Beier, 1930b: 71; Beier, 1932a: 49-50, fig. 54; Roewer, 1937: 239; Beier, 1942: 131; Sanfilipo, Timossi and Conci, 1943: 312; Beier, 1953e: 105; Beier, 1963b: 26, fig. 17; Gardini, 1980c: 101, 120, 122, 123; Bologna and Taglianti, 1985: 225, fig. 8; Harvey, 1991a: 158 (synonymised by Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 14).

Chthonius orthodactylus (Leach): Morley, 1930: 140 (misidentification); Morley, 1940: 166 (misidentification).

Chthonius (Chthonius) ischnocheles (Hermann): Beier, 1932a: 48, fig. 52; Beier, 1934b: 283-285; Leruth, 1935: 26; Bristowe, 1938: 212; Beier, 1939f: 161; Vachon, 1940b: 141; Cooreman, 1946b: 2; Leleup, 1948: 8; Beier, 1949: 2, fig. 1 (as Chtonius [sic] (Chthonius) ischnocheles); Hoff, 1949b: 433, fig. 13; Hoff, 1951: 2; Beier, 1952e: 2; Beier, 1953a: 293; G.O. Evans and Browning, 1954: 8, figs 3, 6-7; Beier, 1955n: 88; Beier, 1958b: 27; Beier, 1958c: 137; Hoff, 1958: 3; Beier, 1959f: 113; Beier, 1961a: 67-68; Beier, 1961b: 21; Beier, 1963a: 253-254; Beier, 1963b: 25, fig. 16; Beier, 1963h: 149; Beier, 1963i: 283; Beier, 1965c: 375; Beier, 1966h: 175; Capolongo, 1969: 202; Hammen, 1969: 16-17; Beier, 1970a: 45; Legg, 1971a: 475, fig. 1b; Lagar, 1972b: 46; Beier, 1976a: 23; Crocker, 1976: 7-8; Mahnert, 1977c: 62; Crocker, 1978: 8; Caruso and Costa, 1979: 433; Leclerc and Heurtault, 1979: 239; Krumpál, 1980: 23; Callaini, 1982a: 17, 18, fig. 1a; Gardini, 1981a: 102; Krumpál and Kiefer, 1981: 128; Leclerc, 1981: 127-128, plate 2; Anonymous, 1983a: 27; Hammen, 1983a: 10; Heurtault, 1986c: 20; Mahnert, 1986d: 74, fig. 1; Legg and Jones, 1988: 65-66, figs 1-2, 3a-c, 4a-b, 5c, 12a, 12b(a-e); Mahnert, 1989a: 85; Mahnert, 1989b: 41; Judson, 1990: fig. 1; Gardini, 1991a: 168-169; Harvey, 1991a: 149-151; Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 13-21, figs 1-11; H. Hansen, 1992: 105; Mahnert, 1993b: 989; Caoduro, Osella and Ruffo, 1994: 34; Gardini, 1995a: 2; Platen, Blick, Bliss, Drogla, Malten, Martens, Scaher and Wunderlich, 1995: 54; Ashmole, Oromí, Ashmole and Martín, 1996: 18; Gardini, 1996: 159, 161; Petrov, 1997: 262; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; García Carrillo, 1998: 11; Henderickx, 1999: 65; Henderickx, 2000c: 67, 68; Gardini, 2000: 17-21; Delfosse, 2003: 27-28; Gardini, 2004: 125; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević and Legakis, 2004: 233-234; Drogla, 2004: 6; Drogla and Lippold, 2004: 14-15, fig. 2.1; Iorio, 2004: 13; Mahnert, 2004: 463; Ozimec, 2004: 385; Tooren, 2005b: 91-92; Vadell and Zaragoza, 2005: 190-191, fig. 1; Vadell, Zaragoza, Jordana, García, Gràcia and Clamor, 2006: 80-82, fig. 7; Kárpáthegyi, 2007a: 82; Zaragoza, 2007a: 12-13; Zaragoza, Mas and Ribera, 2007: 74-75, figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, map 3; Gardini, 2008a: 630; Gardini, 2008b: 4-5; Buddle, 2010: 5; Turienzo, Iorio and Mahnert, 2010: 560, 570, 586; Christophoryová, Štáhlavský and Fedor, 2011: 36, fig. 1M.

Chthonius parvioculatus Beier: Wolf, 1938: 608; %Sanfilippo, Timossi and Conci, 1943: 312 (not seen); Franciscolo, 1955: 125; Baggini, 1961: 24.

Chthonius (Chthonius) tamaninii Caporiacco, 1952b: 63-64, fig. 1; Parenzan, 1955: 303; Beier, 1963b: 26-27; Lazzeroni, 1969a: 322; Lazzeroni, 1970a: 207; Gardini, 1980c: 101, 130; Harvey, 1991a: 161 (synonymised by Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 14).

Chthonius (Chthonius) dacnodes Navás: G.O. Evans and Browning, 1954: 10, figs 10-11 (misidentification); Legg, 1971a: 475, fig. 1e (misidentification); Lazzeroni, 1969a: 323-324, fig. 1 (misidentification).

Chthonius tamaninii Caporiacco: Baggini, 1961: 24.

Chthonius (Chthonius) litoralis: Lazzeroni, 1969b: 393, figs 1-2 (misidentification).

Chthonius (Chthonius) cfr. dacnodes Navás: Callaini, 1979c: 342-343, figs 2a-f (misidentification).

Not Obisium ischnocheles Hermann: Théis, 1832: 63-66 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) orthodactylus (Leach)).

Not Chthonius trombidioides (Latreille): C.L. Koch, 1843: 76-79, figs 806-807 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); L. Koch, 1873: 49-50 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); L. Koch, 1877: 180 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Stecker, 1874a: 238 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Stecker, 1875d: 88 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Daday, 1880a: 193 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Tömösváry, 1882b: 238-239, plate 5 figs 9-12 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Krauss, 1896: 628 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus).

Not Chthonius rayi L. Koch: Simon, 1898d: 22-23 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) tenuis L. Koch).

Not Chthonius pennsylvanicus Hagen: Berger, 1905: 407 (misidentification; see Tridenchthonius cubanus (Chamberlin)).

Not Chthonius ischnocheles ischnocheles (Hermann): Callaini, 1986d: 523-524, figs 1a-d (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) rhodochelatus Hadži).

Type Locality

Chelifer ischnochelus: not stated, but presumably near Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France.

Chelifer trombidioides: Paris, Ile-de-France, France.

Chthonius pennsylvanicus: Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Chthonius rayi: Normandie, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur , France.
Digne, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur , France.
Dryne, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur , France.
Le Sappey near Grenoble, Rhône-Alpes, France.
Troyes, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France.
England, United Kingdom.
Near Bolzano (as Botzen), Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy.
Near Merano (as Meran), Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy.
Near Razzes, Ruine Hauenstein, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy.

Chthonius (Chthonius) parvioculatus: Grotta Dragonara, near Genova (as Genua), Liguria, Italy.

Chthonius (Chthonius) tamaninii: Grotta di Agnano, near Ostuni, Puglia, Italy.

Distribution

Distribution
Andorra
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Saint Helena
Serbia
Slovakia