The early natural history and taxonomy of the brushtail possum genus Trichosurus (Diprotodontia: Phalangeridae)

WA Museum Records and Supplements | Updated 5 months ago

ABSTRACT – The Common Brush-tailed Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has undergone significant taxonomic revision, with the validity of its numerous subspecies being the subject of ongoing debate. The widespread geographic distribution and significant morphological variation between populations has led to the scientific descriptions of up to 22 taxa over 230 years, contributing to the taxonomic uncertainties within the group. Early accounts and the taxonomic history of brushtail possums (genus Trichosurus) are reviewed and their significance assessed. Early taxonomic descriptions often lacked sufficient locality information, and frequently had no assigned type specimens, resulting in the description of numerous species that are no longer valid. This paper presents photographic documentation and examination of all known type material obtained from museums worldwide, and extends and updates the only other modern inventory, that of McKay (1988). We emphasise the importance of including type specimens in future taxonomic revisions, as they are the only means to validate past descriptions and nomenclature. The Common Brush-tailed Possum, once widely distributed, has become far from common in many regions, suffering significant declines across their range. It is critical that the taxonomy of brushtail possums be resolved prior to conservation actions occurring, and we highlight several descriptions that deserve further investigation to assess their validity. Through our review of the taxonomic history of Trichosurus, we demonstrate the importance of using historical descriptions to identify knowledge gaps that can inform future taxonomic decisions for any group of species.