Chthonius (Chthonius) ischnocheles (Hermann, 1804)

Species

Chelifer ischnochelus Hermann, 1804: 118-119, plate 5 fig. p, plate 6 fig. 14; Latreille, 1818b: 12, 13, plates 348, 349 (as Chelifer ischnochelos); Gervais, 1844: 81 (as Chelifer ischnocheles).

Chelifer trombidioides Latreille, 1804: 142-143; Latreille, 1806: 133; Leach, 1814: 429 (as Chelifer trombidioidos [sic]); Latreille, 1825a: 133; Brébisson, 1827: 263; Guérin-Méneville, 1828: 598-599 (synonymised by C.L. Koch, 1843: 77).

Obisium trombidioides (Latreille): Leach, 1815: 391; Leach, 1816: 433, plate XXIII; Dugès and Edwards, 1836: plate 20 bis figs 5, 5a-b; Shipley, 1909: fig. 547.

Chthonius pennsylvanicus Hagen, 1868b: 52 (as Chthonius pensylvanicus [sic]); Hagen, 1870: 268; Banks, 1890: 152; Banks, 1891: 164; Banks, 1895a: 13; Banks, 1904a: 141; Coolidge, 1908: 114; Ewing, 1911: 80; Pratt, 1927: 410 (synonymised by Chamberlin, 1929a: 72).

Obisium ischnocheles (Hermann): Hagen, 1870: 270.

Chthonius rayi L. Koch, 1873: 48-49; Ritsema, 1874: xxxiv; Stecker, 1874a: 238; Stecker, 1875d: 88; Canestrini, 1876: 228; Simon, 1879a: 74-75, plate 17 figs 2, 8, plate 19 fig. 19; Cantoni, 1882: 193; Tömösváry: 1882b: 240-241, plate 5 figs 13-14; Simon, 1883: 279; Becker, 1884: cclxiv; Canestrini, 1885: no. 5, figs 1-3; O.-P. Cambridge, 1886: 45; O.P.-Cambridge, 1892: 209-210, plate A figs 10-14; Hansen, 1894: plate 5 figs 12-13; Lameere, 1895: 474; F. Müller and Schenkel, 1895: 822; Becker, 1896: 335-336; Krauss, 1896: 628; Carpenter and Evans, 1897: 123; Ellingsen, 1897: 18-20; Kulczynski, 1899: 458; Tullgren, 1899a: 181; Simon, 1900b: 595; Strand, 1900b: 5; Evans, 1901a: 54; Evans, 1901b: 242; Godfrey, 1901b: 214-215; Goulding, 1901: 154; Kew, 1901b: 194; Donisthorpe, 1902: 67; Peacock, 1902a: 137; Peacock, 1902b: 380; Kew, 1903: 298, 299, fig. 2; Planet, 1905: 288; With, 1906: plate 1 fig. 2a; Ellingsen, 1907a: 172; Godfrey, 1907: 163; Jackson, 1907: 6 (as Chthonius rayii); Tullgren, 1907e: 246; Ellingsen, 1908d: 70; Godfrey, 1908: 160; Gozo, 1908: 132; Jackson, 1908: 73 (as Chthonius rayii); Bignotti, 1909: 67 (as Chthonius ray [sic]); Ellingsen, 1909a: 211; Jackson, 1909: 438 (as Chthonius rayii); Kew, 1909a: 250; Kew, 1909b: 259; Warburton, 1909: 438; Booth, 1910: 35 (as Chthonius rayii); Donisthorpe, 1910: 84; Ellingsen, 1910a: 401; Ellingsen, 1910b: 62; Godfrey, 1910: 31-33; Jackson, 1910: 50 (as Chthonius rayii); Kew, 1910a: 64, 73; Ellingsen, 1911c: 174; Kew, 1911a: 56-57, fig. 19; Lessert, 1911: 37-38, fig. 29; Ellingsen, 1912c: 174; Krausse-Heldrungen, 1912: 65; Standen, 1912: 16, fig. 2; Ellingsen, 1913a: 455; Falcoz, 1913: 3 (as Chtonius [sic] rayi); Falconer, 1916: 157-158; Kew, 1916a: 124; Kew, 1916b: 81; Standen, 1916a: 17; Standen, 1916b: 124; Nonidez, 1917: 43; Standen, 1917: 30; Standen, 1918: 335; Navás, 1919: 214; Navás, 1921: 166; Bristowe, 1922: 11; Navás, 1923: 34; Caporiacco, 1925a: 231; Caporiacco, 1926: 75; Navás, 1925: 126, fig. 18b; Jeannel, 1926: 155; Donisthorpe, 1927: 183; Bacelar, 1928: 190; Beier, 1928: 313; Kästner, 1928: 9, fig. 31; Schenkel, 1928: 70, fig. 31; Beier, 1929d: 156; Berland, 1929: 17; Bristowe, 1929a: 25; Bristowe, 1929c: 188; Bristowe, 1929d: 244 (as Chthonius rayii); Bristowe, 1930: 622 (as Chthonius rayii); Buresch, 1930: 19; Kew, 1930: 253-256, figs 1b, 2; Bristowe, 1931e: 113 (as Chthonius rayii); Franganillo, 1936: 155 (misidentification?); Morley, 1940: 167; Sanfilipo, Timossi and Conci, 1943: 312 (as Chthonius reyi [sic]); Walton, 1944: 131 (as Chthonius rayii); Gilbert, 1949: 17; Weidner, 1959: 115; Judson, 1997a: 36-37 (as junior synonym of Chthonius (Chthonius) ischnocheles (Hermann)) (synonymised by Chamberlin, 1929a: 72).

Obisium cavernarum L. Koch: Gestro, 1887: 497 (misidentification).

Chthonius microphthalmus Simon: Simon, 1896: 375 (misidentification); Simon, 1898d: 23 (misidentification).

Chthonius tenuis L. Koch: Simon 1900b: 595 (misidentification).

Chthonius (Chthonius) rayi L. Koch: Ellingsen, 1905d: 12.

Chthonius ischnocheles (Hermann): Chamberlin, 1929a: 71-72, figs 2a, 2g, 2k, 2m-n, 3a, 3d; Chamberlin, 1931a: figs 4a, 11a, 11t, 15a, 28d, 33o, 34d, 40a-c, 42a, 43a-b, 46f, 52a; Beier, 1932g: fig. 167; Fage, 1933: 54 (as Chthoniuss [sic] ischnochele [sic]); Vachon, 1934g: 162; Vachon, 1934i: 408; Chamberlin, 1935b: 479; Savory, 1935: fig. 63ii (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); Vachon, 1935j: 187-188; Roewer, 1936: figs 16, 70a; Vachon, 1936a: 78; Roewer, 1937: 239; Vachon, 1937f: 128; Schenkel, 1938: 37-38; Vachon, 1938a: 73-79, figs 41-45, 60a-b, 61a; Wolf, 1938: 607; Beier, 1939a: fig. 166a; Lohmander, 1939b: 285-286, fig. 2; Caporiacco, 1940: 6; Bristowe, 1941: 327; Pearse, 1943: 464 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) paludis (Chamberlin)); Savory, 1945: 180, 181-182 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); Bristowe, 1946: 65; Leleup, 1947: 322; Beier, 1948a: 188; Beier, 1948b: 456; Caporiacco, 1949c: 133; Vachon, 1949: figs 206c, 207c; Gilbert, 1951a: 548-551, figs 1-2 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); Balazuc, Miré, Sigwalt and Théodoridès, 1951: 187, 215, 216, 219; %Parenzan, 1953: 90 (not seen); %Parenzan, 1954: 99 (not seen); Betts, 1955: 298; Betts, 1955: 298 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); George, 1955: 123; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1956a: 71 (as Chthonius ischnochelus [sic]); George, 1957: 80; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1958b: 96; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1959: 179 (as Cthonius [sic] ischnocheles); George, 1961: 38; Pontin, 1961: 135; Vachon, 1961: 102; Meinertz, 1962: 42-44, figs 5b, 25a-b, 26; Gabbutt and Vachon, 1963: 76-97, figs 1-44; Meinertz, 1964: 388-389, map 1; Savory, 1964a: fig. 33b; Helversen, 1966a: 133-134; Helversen, 1966b: figs 1c, 4h, 6a; Weygoldt, 1966d: fig. 61; Zangheri, 1966: 529-530; Bishop, 1967: 393, figs 1-2; Gabbutt, 1967: 470-478, figs 1-2; Turk, 1967: 153; Cloudsley-Thompson, 1968: 126, 134, 135, 139; Helversen, 1968: fig. 5; Marcuzzi, 1968: 245, 267, 288; Weygoldt, 1968: 111-153, figs 2a-b, 5, 16, 18, 20; Gabbutt, 1969c: 230; Weygoldt, 1969a: 70, 122, 123, figs 112a-d; Gabbutt, 1970c: 7-8, fig. 2; Jones, 1970a: 77-79, figs 1-5; Legg, 1970b: figs 3(2), 3(7); Marcuzzi, Lorenzoni and F. di Castri, 1970: 429-430; Hunt and Legg, 1971: 476-478; Marcuzzi, Dalla Venezia and Lorenzoni, 1971: 139; Negrea and Negrea, 1971: 88, 89, 119; Verner, 1971: figs 3, 16; Legg, 1972b: 4, 5; Howes, 1972a: 108 (as Chthonius ischonocheles [sic]); Salmon, 1972: 66, 67; Legg, 1973a: 368-392, figs 1-11, plates 1-3; Legg, 1973b: 430-440, figs 1, 2a, plates 1-3; Jones, 1975a: 87-88; Klausen, 1975: 63 (as Chthonius iscnocheles [sic]); Legg, 1975a: 66; Legg, 1975b: 100, figs 1a, 2, 7a, 9a-c, 10a-b, 11a-b; P.A. Wood, 1975: 145-149, figs 1-2; Beier, 1977b: 2; Savory, 1977: fig. 93b; Bellés, 1978: 87; Jones, 1978: 93, 94, 95; Paoletti, 1978: 90; P.A. Wood and Gabbutt, 1978: 176-182, figs 6-10, 21-25; Baccetti, 1979: fig. 11.7; Jones, 1979a: 200-201; Judson, 1979a: 60; Matsuda, 1979: 201 (as Chthonius ischnocheleus [sic]); Rundle, 1979: 47; Schawaller, 1979: 13; Thaler, 1979: 51; P.A. Wood and Gabbutt, 1979a: 285-292; P.A. Wood and Gabbutt, 1979b: 329-336; Gabbutt and Aitchison, 1980: 57-60, figs 1-4; Jones, 1980c: map 3; Judson, 1980: 8; Mahnert, 1981c: fig. 1; Mendel, 1981: 227; Pieper, 1981: 2; Schawaller, 1981b: 42-44; Mendel, 1982: 296; P.R. Harvey, 1983: 126; R.E. Jones, 1983: 396; Bacallado, 1984: 110; R.E. Jones, 1985: 69; Andersson, Coulianos, Ehnström, Hammarstedt, Imby, Janzon, Lindelöw and Waldén, 1987: 68; Ćurčić and Dimitrijević, 1987: 1-2, figs 1a-b; Kovoor, 1987: 161, 166; Ćurčić and Dimitrijević, 1987: 1-2, figs 1a-b; Schaefer, 1988: 100; Callaini and Dallai, 1989: 87, figs 1-3; Chater, 1989: 7; Weygoldt, 1990: 99; Ćurčić and Dimitrijevíc, 1991b: 91-94; Geoffroy, 1991: 36-37, fig. 2; Pieper, 1991: 218; Gärdenfors and Wilander, 1992: 28, fig. 3a; P.R. Harvey, 1992: 150; Harvey, 1992c: figs 14-17; Peters, 1992: fig. 810 (as Chthonius ishnocheles [sic]); Callaini and Dallai, 1994: 36, figs 1, 2, 5-12; Fowles, 1994: 17; Poinar and Ćurčić, 1994: 95-96; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Makarov, Lučić and Ćurčić, 1996: 45; Legg and O'Connor, 1997: 107-109, fig. 2; Dimitrijević, 1998: 32-34; Legg, 1998: 2; Proctor, 1998: 163 (as Cthonius [sic] ischnocheles); Bell, Gates, Haughton, Macdonald, Smith, Wheater and Cullen, 1999: 237-239; Bell, Haughton and Boatman, 1999: 6-7, figs 1-2; Ducháč, 1999a: 14; Wilde, 2001: 3; Krumpál and Krumpálová, 2003: 119; Legg, 2003a: 1; Dimitrijević, 2004b: 17-25, 76-84, figs 1a-d, 2a-d, 3a-d, 4a-d, 5a-d, 29, 30a-h, 31, 32a-I, 33a-c, 34a-I, 35a-e, 36a-l, 37a-c; Negri, 2004: 586-588; Smithers, Thomas and Goodacre, 2005: 3; Gardini, 2007: 384; Kárpáthegyi, 2007b: 91; Holmen and Scharff, 2008: 68; Kunt, Bayram, Yağmur and Danısman, 2008: 72; Gardini, 2009a: 33.

Chthonius (Chthonius) parvioculatus Beier, 1930b: 71; Beier, 1932a: 49-50, fig. 54; Roewer, 1937: 239; Beier, 1942: 131; Sanfilipo, Timossi and Conci, 1943: 312; Beier, 1953e: 105; Beier, 1963b: 26, fig. 17; Gardini, 1980c: 101, 120, 122, 123; Bologna and Taglianti, 1985: 225, fig. 8; Harvey, 1991a: 158 (synonymised by Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 14).

Chthonius orthodactylus (Leach): Morley, 1930: 140 (misidentification); Morley, 1940: 166 (misidentification).

Chthonius (Chthonius) ischnocheles (Hermann): Beier, 1932a: 48, fig. 52; Beier, 1934b: 283-285; Leruth, 1935: 26; Bristowe, 1938: 212; Beier, 1939f: 161; Vachon, 1940b: 141; Cooreman, 1946b: 2; Leleup, 1948: 8; Beier, 1949: 2, fig. 1 (as Chtonius [sic] (Chthonius) ischnocheles); Hoff, 1949b: 433, fig. 13; Hoff, 1951: 2; Beier, 1952e: 2; Beier, 1953a: 293; G.O. Evans and Browning, 1954: 8, figs 3, 6-7; Beier, 1955n: 88; Beier, 1958b: 27; Beier, 1958c: 137; Hoff, 1958: 3; Beier, 1959f: 113; Beier, 1961a: 67-68; Beier, 1961b: 21; Beier, 1963a: 253-254; Beier, 1963b: 25, fig. 16; Beier, 1963h: 149; Beier, 1963i: 283; Beier, 1965c: 375; Beier, 1966h: 175; Capolongo, 1969: 202; Hammen, 1969: 16-17; Beier, 1970a: 45; Legg, 1971a: 475, fig. 1b; Lagar, 1972b: 46; Beier, 1976a: 23; Crocker, 1976: 7-8; Mahnert, 1977c: 62; Crocker, 1978: 8; Caruso and Costa, 1979: 433; Leclerc and Heurtault, 1979: 239; Krumpál, 1980: 23; Callaini, 1982a: 17, 18, fig. 1a; Gardini, 1981a: 102; Krumpál and Kiefer, 1981: 128; Leclerc, 1981: 127-128, plate 2; Anonymous, 1983a: 27; Hammen, 1983a: 10; Heurtault, 1986c: 20; Mahnert, 1986d: 74, fig. 1; Legg and Jones, 1988: 65-66, figs 1-2, 3a-c, 4a-b, 5c, 12a, 12b(a-e); Mahnert, 1989a: 85; Mahnert, 1989b: 41; Judson, 1990: fig. 1; Gardini, 1991a: 168-169; Harvey, 1991a: 149-151; Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 13-21, figs 1-11; H. Hansen, 1992: 105; Mahnert, 1993b: 989; Caoduro, Osella and Ruffo, 1994: 34; Gardini, 1995a: 2; Platen, Blick, Bliss, Drogla, Malten, Martens, Scaher and Wunderlich, 1995: 54; Ashmole, Oromí, Ashmole and Martín, 1996: 18; Gardini, 1996: 159, 161; Petrov, 1997: 262; Austin, Gibson and Harvey, 1998: 346; García Carrillo, 1998: 11; Henderickx, 1999: 65; Henderickx, 2000c: 67, 68; Gardini, 2000: 17-21; Delfosse, 2003: 27-28; Gardini, 2004: 125; Ćurčić, Dimitrijević and Legakis, 2004: 233-234; Drogla, 2004: 6; Drogla and Lippold, 2004: 14-15, fig. 2.1; Iorio, 2004: 13; Mahnert, 2004: 463; Ozimec, 2004: 385; Tooren, 2005b: 91-92; Vadell and Zaragoza, 2005: 190-191, fig. 1; Vadell, Zaragoza, Jordana, García, Gràcia and Clamor, 2006: 80-82, fig. 7; Kárpáthegyi, 2007a: 82; Zaragoza, 2007a: 12-13; Zaragoza, Mas and Ribera, 2007: 74-75, figs 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, map 3; Gardini, 2008a: 630; Gardini, 2008b: 4-5; Buddle, 2010: 5; Turienzo, Iorio and Mahnert, 2010: 560, 570, 586; Christophoryová, Štáhlavský and Fedor, 2011: 36, fig. 1M.

Chthonius parvioculatus Beier: Wolf, 1938: 608; %Sanfilippo, Timossi and Conci, 1943: 312 (not seen); Franciscolo, 1955: 125; Baggini, 1961: 24.

Chthonius (Chthonius) tamaninii Caporiacco, 1952b: 63-64, fig. 1; Parenzan, 1955: 303; Beier, 1963b: 26-27; Lazzeroni, 1969a: 322; Lazzeroni, 1970a: 207; Gardini, 1980c: 101, 130; Harvey, 1991a: 161 (synonymised by Gardini and Oggianu, 1992: 14).

Chthonius (Chthonius) dacnodes Navás: G.O. Evans and Browning, 1954: 10, figs 10-11 (misidentification); Legg, 1971a: 475, fig. 1e (misidentification); Lazzeroni, 1969a: 323-324, fig. 1 (misidentification).

Chthonius tamaninii Caporiacco: Baggini, 1961: 24.

Chthonius (Chthonius) litoralis: Lazzeroni, 1969b: 393, figs 1-2 (misidentification).

Chthonius (Chthonius) cfr. dacnodes Navás: Callaini, 1979c: 342-343, figs 2a-f (misidentification).

Not Obisium ischnocheles Hermann: Théis, 1832: 63-66 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) orthodactylus (Leach)).

Not Chthonius trombidioides (Latreille): C.L. Koch, 1843: 76-79, figs 806-807 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); L. Koch, 1873: 49-50 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); L. Koch, 1877: 180 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Stecker, 1874a: 238 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Stecker, 1875d: 88 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Daday, 1880a: 193 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Tömösváry, 1882b: 238-239, plate 5 figs 9-12 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus); Krauss, 1896: 628 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) tetrachelatus).

Not Chthonius rayi L. Koch: Simon, 1898d: 22-23 (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) tenuis L. Koch).

Not Chthonius pennsylvanicus Hagen: Berger, 1905: 407 (misidentification; see Tridenchthonius cubanus (Chamberlin)).

Not Chthonius ischnocheles ischnocheles (Hermann): Callaini, 1986d: 523-524, figs 1a-d (misidentification; see Chthonius (Chthonius) rhodochelatus Hadži).

Type Locality

Chelifer ischnochelus: not stated, but presumably near Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France.

Chelifer trombidioides: Paris, Ile-de-France, France.

Chthonius pennsylvanicus: Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Chthonius rayi: Normandie, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur , France.
Digne, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur , France.
Dryne, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur , France.
Le Sappey near Grenoble, Rhône-Alpes, France.
Troyes, Aube, Champagne-Ardenne, France.
England, United Kingdom.
Near Bolzano (as Botzen), Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy.
Near Merano (as Meran), Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy.
Near Razzes, Ruine Hauenstein, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy.