Syarinidae Chamberlin, 1930
Family
The pseudoscorpions currently included in the Syarinidae have had a chequered history. They were first recognized by Chamberlin (1930) who included three genera, Syarinus and Hyarinus in the Syarininae, and Chitra in the Chitrinae. The latter was altered to Chitrellinae by Beier (1932) when the homonymous name Chitra was altered to Chitrella. Ideobisium and other ideobisiines were deemed to be confamilial with syarinines by Muchmore (1982). They had previously been considered members of the Neobisiidae. The subfamily Microcreagrellinae was created for Microcreagrella by Beier (1963), but this genus is most likely a member of the Chitrellinae.
The current classification of the family is derived from Muchmore (1982) and Zaragoza (2010).
Harvey (1992) noted that the name Ideobisiinae, which was created by Banks (1895), has 35 years priority over Syarinidae but, in the interests of stability, refrained from altering the family name.
Composition
The family is divided into four subfamilies: Arcanobisiinae, Chitrellinae, Ideobisiinae and Syarininae. The enigmatic genus Hyarinus from California cannot be satisfactorily placed into one of the existing subfamilies.
Distribution
Species of Syarininae occur in North America and Europe (Syarinus) and Tasmania (Anysrius); Arcanobisiinae (Arcanobisium) is restricted to Spain; the Chitrellinae are found in North America and Europe; and the Ideobisiinae are largely cosmo-tropical. They are found in leaf litter and soil, as well as caves.
| Distribution | Count |
|---|---|
| 1 | |
| Austria | 1 |
| Australia | 10 |
| Brazil | 10 |
| Bhutan | 2 |
| Canada | 3 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) | 3 |
| Congo | 2 |
| Switzerland | 3 |
| Ivory Coast | 3 |
| Colombia | 3 |
| Costa Rica | 1 |
| Czech Republic | 1 |
| Germany | 1 |
| Dominica | 1 |
| Dominican Republic | 3 |
| Algeria | 1 |
| Ecuador | 4 |
| Spain | 6 |
| France | 2 |
| Guinea | 1 |
| Guadeloupe | 1 |
| Greece | 1 |
| Indonesia | 1 |
| India | 2 |
| Italy | 5 |
| Jamaica | 5 |
| Japan | 7 |
| South Korea | 1 |
| Cayman Islands | 1 |
| Lebanon | 1 |
| Sri Lanka | 1 |
| Liberia | 1 |
| Morocco | 1 |
| Martinique | 1 |
| Malta | 1 |
| Mexico | 5 |
| Malaysia | 1 |
| New Caledonia | 1 |
| Norway | 1 |
| Nepal | 1 |
| New Zealand | 1 |
| Peru | 1 |
| Papua New Guinea | 1 |
| Philippines | 1 |
| Puerto Rico | 5 |
| Portugal | 7 |
| Palau | 1 |
| Russia | 1 |
| Solomon Islands | 4 |
| Seychelles | 1 |
| Singapore | 1 |
| Togo | 1 |
| Thailand | 1 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1 |
| Tuvalu | 1 |
| Ukraine | 2 |
| Uganda | 1 |
| United States | 18 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1 |
| Venezuela | 4 |
| South Africa | 1 |
Important References
Harvey, M.S. (1998). Pseudoscorpion groups with bipolar distributions: a new genus from Tasmania related to the Holarctic Syarinus (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Syarinidae). Journal of Arachnology 26: 429-441.
Muchmore, W.B. (1982). The genera Ideobisium and Ideoblothrus, with remarks on the family Syarinidae (Pseudoscorpionida). Journal of Arachnology 10: 193-221.
Zaragoza, J.A. (2010). Arcanobisium, a remarkable new genus, representing a new subfamily with a relictual distribution from eastern Spain (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Syarinidae). Zootaxa 2491: 41-60
References
Syarinidae Chamberlin, 1930: 38; Chamberlin, 1931a: 218-219; Beier, 1932a: 162-163; Beier, 1932g: 183; Roewer, 1937: 253; Hoff, 1956b: 9; Hoff, 1964a: 6; Muchmore, 1979a: 195; Muchmore, 1982a: 97; Harvey, 1991a: 417; Harvey, 1991d: 495; Gärdenfors and Wilander, 1992: 29; Harvey, 1992c: 1412-1414; Harvey, 1996a: 258.